Modern Warfare II features a robust system of challenges and achievements across all game modes. These range from simple tasks like getting a certain number of kills with a specific weapon to more complex objectives like completing missions on higher difficulties or performing specific combat maneuvers. Completing challenges grants XP, calling cards, emblems, and other cosmetic rewards, while achievements contribute to your overall gamer score or trophy collection.

- Daily Challenges: Reset daily, offering quick XP boosts for completing simple tasks.
- Weekly Challenges: More involved challenges that reset weekly, providing larger XP rewards and sometimes Battle Pass tokens.
- Career Challenges: Long-term challenges that track your overall progress in various aspects of the game, unlocking unique cosmetic items.
- Weapon Camo Challenges: Specific to each weapon, these challenges unlock new camos as you progress through tiers of kills, headshots, and other weapon-specific tasks.
While Modern Warfare II focuses on grounded tactical milestones, Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 evolves this progression by integrating rewards specifically tied to its new omnimovement mechanics.