Part 71

Explore the historical context and key events leading up to the formation of the United States in Civilization V, covering the Revolutionary War, Louisiana Purchase, and War of 1812.

This section details the historical events that shaped the early United States, providing context for gameplay in Civilization V. It covers the American Revolution, the Louisiana Purchase, and the War of 1812.

The British colonies in North America grew significantly in population and industry, attracting settlers with promises of land and wealth, and often escaping religious persecution. However, tensions with Great Britain escalated due to a lack of direct representation in Parliament and perceived unfair trade restrictions. The British government, conversely, felt the colonists were ungrateful for the protection provided.

By the late 1770s, the colonies were in open revolt, declaring independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Army, led by George Washington, was initially outmatched by the professional British Army and the superior British Navy. Despite early setbacks and inexperience, Washington's leadership and ability to learn from mistakes helped the Continental Army survive.

The American Revolutionary War became a prolonged conflict. The entry of France in 1778 and Spain in 1779 shifted the balance. The decisive moment came in 1781 with the siege of Yorktown, where the Continental Army, supported by the French Navy, forced the surrender of British General Cornwallis.

Following the war, the United States established its government, with the Constitution ratified in 1788 and George Washington elected president in 1789.

In 1803, the United States doubled its territory through the Louisiana Purchase from France for approximately $15,000,000. This acquisition, spanning 828,800 square miles, was strategically beneficial for the U.S. and a way for France to counter Great Britain.

The War of 1812 arose from ongoing trade disputes and British impressment of American sailors. While American commerce raiders inflicted damage on British trade, the invasion of Canada was repelled. The burning of Washington, D.C. by British forces was a significant blow. The war concluded in December 1814 with the Treaty of Ghent, a cessation of hostilities that addressed none of the underlying causes and resulted in a tie.

The text also briefly mentions the Mexican Revolution and the abolition of the Mexican constitution in 1835, leading to revolts in Mexican states like Coahuila y Tejas.